Braak stage 1, 100% of pigmented neurons left
parkinsonconnecting

Gene record

PENK

proenkephalin

translation score 0.42, read 2026-10-20; 1 sealed predictions, 0 held; 2 receipts.

Six readers

readerfoundscore
genetics
Open Targets
no genetic evidence; overall 0.07 from other evidence0.00
cell type
Human Protein Atlas
cell type enhanced, including brain inhibitory neurons; strongest in leydig cells0.75
chemistry
Open Targets
reachable by antibody0.45
trials
ClinicalTrials.gov
no Parkinson's trials on record: an open field1.00
literature
PubMed
24 Parkinson's papers of 5420.58
pathways
Reactome
4 pathways; mostly other0.30

No case: the score is under the bar. Receipt 4026

Sealed predictions

  1. PENK in dopamine neurons, braak-0.11 (p 0.787) → +0.26 (p 0.493)receipt 4032

Swarm cases

receipt 4032: PENK in dopamine neurons, braak

power
full sample +0.12 (p 0.633, n 18), 95% CI -0.37 to +0.56. the interval is wide: not enough donors to tell.
confounder
adjusted for sex: +0.12 (p 0.646, n 18). does not hold up.
composition
dopamine neurons share of nuclei vs axis +0.05 (p 0.854); controlling for it: +0.17 (p 0.509, n 18). could be the mix.
skeptic
leave-one-out range -0.01 to +0.28, sign flips 1; without severely affected donors +0.12 (p 0.633, n 18). fragile.
cell type
no other cell group does better.
axis
no measure beats "tracks Braak Lewy-body stage" for PENK in dopamine neurons.

case closed: nothing better to follow up.

Receipts

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