Braak stage 1, 100% of pigmented neurons left
parkinsonconnecting

Gene record

GAD2

glutamate decarboxylase 2

translation score 0.56, read 2026-10-19; 1 sealed predictions, 0 held; 1 receipts.

Six readers

readerfoundscore
genetics
Open Targets
no genetic evidence; overall 0.08 from other evidence0.00
cell type
Human Protein Atlas
cell type enhanced, including brain inhibitory neurons; strongest in pancreatic islet cells0.75
chemistry
Open Targets
a small-molecule pocket0.60
trials
ClinicalTrials.gov
no Parkinson's trials on record: an open field1.00
literature
PubMed
7 Parkinson's papers of 9120.73
pathways
Reactome
3 pathways; mostly dopamine synapse1.00
proposal for GAD2, translation score 0.56

Knock down and overexpress GAD2 in dopamine neurons; measure evoked dopamine release and dopamine transporter uptake and survival of TH-positive neurons and phospho-α-synuclein (pS129) inclusions after seeding with α-synuclein fibrils.

Cell type
dopamine neurons
Direction
Both arms: public data does not say which way helps.
Molecular readout
evoked dopamine release and dopamine transporter uptake
Functional readout
survival of TH-positive neurons and phospho-α-synuclein (pS129) inclusions after seeding with α-synuclein fibrils
Rule-out
If neither arm moves evoked dopamine release by 20% or more against non-targeting and empty-vector controls, across three independent differentiations, the hypothesis is wrong.
Lab request
CRISPRi knockdown and lentiviral overexpression of GAD2 in iPSC-derived midbrain dopamine neurons (FOXA2+, LMX1A+, TH+); n = 3 differentiations; readouts: evoked dopamine release and dopamine transporter uptake; survival of TH-positive neurons and phospho-α-synuclein (pS129) inclusions after seeding with α-synuclein fibrils. Controls: non-targeting guide, empty vector. About 8 to 10 weeks, most of it differentiation.

Sealed predictions

  1. GAD2 in dopamine neurons, braak+0.34 (p 0.375) → +0.14 (p 0.714)receipt 3239

Swarm cases

receipt 3239: GAD2 in dopamine neurons, braak

power
full sample +0.36 (p 0.142, n 18), 95% CI -0.13 to +0.71. the interval is wide: not enough donors to tell.
confounder
adjusted for sex: +0.32 (p 0.191, n 18). does not hold up.
composition
dopamine neurons share of nuclei vs axis +0.05 (p 0.854); controlling for it: +0.26 (p 0.289, n 18). could be the mix.
skeptic
leave-one-out range +0.27 to +0.50, sign flips 0; without severely affected donors +0.36 (p 0.142, n 18). fragile.
cell type
no other cell group does better.
axis
no measure beats "tracks Braak Lewy-body stage" for GAD2 in dopamine neurons.

case closed: nothing better to follow up.

Receipts

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